Stitch Bonded Cleaning Material

ABSTRACT

A wipe structure of stitch bonded construction incorporating one or more substrate layers of an absorbent material with a barrier layer across a face side of the absorbent material and a preformed lightweight loop fabric disposed across the underside of the absorbent layers with loops projecting away from the absorbent layers.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This nonprovisional application claims the benefit of, and priorityfrom, U.S. provisional application 61/559,176 filed Nov. 14, 2011. Thecontents of such priority application and all other documents referencedherein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as iffully set forth herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to cleaning systems forcounters, floors and other surfaces. More particularly, the disclosurerelates to replaceable absorbent wipes with a construction incorporatinga cleaning surface overlying an absorbent interior and adapted forattachment relative to a user manipulated handle. Exemplary non-limitinguses may include domestic or industrial cleaning of hard surfaces,floors, bathrooms, kitchens and the like.

BACKGROUND

Fabric formation using so-called stitch bonding techniques is wellknown. In such processes, a multiplicity of stitching yarns is passedrepeatedly in stitching relation through one or more substrate layers inclosely spaced rows so as to form a coordinated arrangement of surfacestitches in covering relation to the substrate. It is possible to usesuch stitch bonding techniques to form substantially uniform surfacescovered by the stitching yarns. It is also possible to impart patternsof stitching yarns across the surface by manipulation of the formationprocess. Such patterns may use upstanding loops, substantially flatstitches or combinations thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure provides advantages and/or alternatives over theprior art by providing a wipe structure of stitch bonded constructionincorporating one or more substrate layers of an absorbent material witha barrier layer across a face side of the absorbent material and apreformed lightweight loop fabric disposed across the underside of theabsorbent layers with loops projecting away from the absorbent layers.

In one exemplary construction, face-forming stitching yarns ofmulti-filament construction may be introduced in partially threadedstitching relation through the layers to define a striped pattern acrossthe face with rows of raised microfiber loops separated by stitch-freezones free of raised microfiber loops. The face of the wipe with therows of raised microfiber loops defines a cleaning surface. Alightweight preformed loop fabric disposed across the underside definesan attachment surface facing away from the cleaning surface. The loopsof yarns across the attachment surface may attach to hooking elementsacross a surface of a user manipulated mop head or other structure todefine a hook and loop attachment system.

In accordance with one exemplary aspect, the present disclosure providesa cleaning element of stitch-bonded construction having a multi-surfaceoperative cleaning face. The cleaning element includes at least onefluid absorbing layer of absorptive cellular material. A cover layer ofsubstantially hydrophobic material is disposed in overlying relation tothe fluid absorbing layer. A backing layer of preformed loop material isdisposed in underlying relation to the fluid absorbing layer. Thepreformed loop material includes a plurality of loop elements projectingaway from the underside of the fluid absorbing layer such that the fluidabsorbing layer, the cover layer and the backing layer form a stackedcomposite. A plurality of stitching yarns extends in discontinuouspatterned stitched relation through discrete selected zones of thestacked composite such that the stitching yarns form a patterned arrayof surface loop zones projecting outwardly away from the cover layer ina defined patterned arrangement across the operative cleaning face ofthe cleaning element. A plurality of stitch-free zones with the coverlayer forming the outer surface are disposed at positions betweensurface loop zones across the operative cleaning face of the cleaningelement.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings which are incorporated in and which constitutea part of this specification illustrate exemplary constructions andprocedures in accordance with the present disclosure and, together withthe general description of the disclosure given above, and the detaileddescription set forth below, serve to explain the principles of thedisclosure wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an exemplary two-stage stitch bondingsystem adapted to form a cleaning wipe material using multiple layers ofmaterial with loops projecting away from opposing faces;

FIG. 2 is a needle point diagram illustrating an exemplary stitchingpattern for ground stitches through a substrate in a preformed loopedbacking fabric disposed across the underside of a cleaning wipeaccording to the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a needle point diagram illustrating an exemplary stitchingpattern for loop elements in preformed looped backing fabric disposedacross the underside of a cleaning wipe according to the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates schematically a cross-section of a segment of anexemplary cleaning wipe material incorporating a plurality offace-forming stitching yarns with low dpf levels stitched in partialthreaded relation through an absorbent layer, an abrasion barrier facelayer and a pre-formed loop backing layer;

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the cleaning face of an exemplarycleaning wipe taken generally along line 5-5 in FIG. 4 and illustratinga pattern of alternating rows of loop zones formed from face-formingstitching yarns and stitch-free zones between the loop zones; and

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating an exemplary mop head for hook and loopattachment to the underside of a cleaning wipe according to the presentdisclosure.

While the disclosure has been illustrated and will hereinafter bedescribed in connection with certain exemplary embodiments andpractices, it is to be understood that in no event is the disclosure tobe limited to such illustrated and described embodiments and practices.On the contrary, it is intended that the present disclosure shall extendto all alternatives and modifications as may embrace the generalprinciples of this disclosure within the full and true spirit and scopethereof.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates schematically anexemplary two-stage method utilized to form a cleaning wipe adapted forattachment to hook elements projecting from a support structure such asa mop head or the like. As shown, in a first formation stage, apreformed loop material 20 with a surface of outwardly projectingpreformed loops 22 may be formed by a plurality of needles 24 at a firststitching location 25 using a stitch-bonding process as will be known tothose of skill in the art. As will be appreciated, in the stitch-bondingprocess, a pattern of rows of stitches is formed by passing stitchingyarns through one or more layers of substrate material such that thestitching yarns cooperatively form at least a partial covering ofstitches across the substrate material. In a second formation stage, thepreformed loop material 20 then may be delivered to a second stitchinglocation 30 for selective overstitching with other layers. As shown,according the illustrated exemplary practice the preformed loop material20 may be fed to the second stitching location 30 in layered relation tothe other material layers with the preformed loops 22 projectingdownwardly across the so called “technical face” of the layeredcomposite to form a structure with loops projecting away from both facesof the final structure.

Referring jointly to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, according to one exemplarypractice, the preformed loop material 22 may be a two-bar stitch-bondedfabric formed at the first stitching location 25 by stitching two yarnsystems through a lightweight substrate 32. By way of example only, andnot limitation, one potentially desirable substrate 32 for the preformedloop material 22 is a low-density polymeric film such as low densitypolyethylene (LDPE) or the like having a mass per unit area of not morethan 100 grams per square meter and more preferably, about 5 to 50 gramsper square meter. One such exemplary film is a 1-mil thickness LDPE filmhaving a mass per unit area of about 23 grams per square meter soldunder the trade designation FT-540 by Filmtech, Inc. having a place ofbusiness at Allentown, Pa. However, other materials and/or differentweights and thicknesses may likewise be used if desired. Such materialsmay be substantially impermeable to liquid such that they form a barrieragainst liquid transmission across their thickness dimension.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, exemplary stitching patterns are shown for atwo-bar preformed loop material 20. In the illustrated two barconstruction, ground yarns 36 forming a first yarn system are stitchedin a fully threaded chain stitch arrangement to form a ground coveringacross the lightweight substrate 32. By way of example only, and notlimitation, the ground yarns 36 may have a linear density of about 20denier to about 300 denier. One such suitable yarn is 40 denier/12filament fully oriented polyester yarn. However, other yarnconstructions and filament counts including monofilament may likewise beutilized if desired.

According to one exemplary practice, the preformed loops 22 may beformed by loop yarns 38 stitched in fully threaded relation through thesubstrate 32. By way of example only, and not limitation, the loop yarns38 may have a linear density of about 20 denier to about 300 denier. Onesuch suitable yarn is a 40 denier/12 filament fully oriented polyesteryarn. However, other yarn constructions and filament counts includingmonofilament may likewise be utilized if desired.

In the fully threaded arrangement, the loop yarns 38 will form asubstantially continuous pattern of stitched-in preformed loops 22. Byway of example only, the loops 22 may be formed by passing the loopyarns 38 back and forth over sinker fingers 39 in a zigzag patternbetween adjacent needles 24. In this regard, while only a single needle24 is shown, in actual practice a large number of such needles arearranged in close relation to one another in the cross machinedirection. The crossing segments of the loop yarns 38 extending betweenstitch lines thus define the preformed loops 22. By way of example only,a sinker height of about 2 mm may be used. However, other heights may beused if desired. The resultant preformed loop material 20 may then betaken up as a roll 40 or be delivered directly to the second stitchinglocation for subsequent overstitching as will now be described.

Referring again to FIG. 1, in the illustrated exemplary practice, alayer of lightweight abrasion resistant substrate material 42, a layerof absorbent substrate material 44 and a layer of the preformed loopmaterial 20 are conveyed to the second stitching location 30 at a stitchbonding apparatus as will be well known to those of skill in the art. Inthe illustrated exemplary construction, the layer of lightweightabrasion resistant substrate material 42 defines a cover layer of themultilayer composite and the preformed loop material 20 defines abacking layer.

It is contemplated that the abrasion resistant substrate material 42,the absorbent substrate material 44 and the preformed loop material 20may be delivered to a separate stitching apparatus defining the secondstitching location 30. However, it is also contemplated that the sameapparatus may be used for both the first stitching location 25 and thesecond stitching location 30. That is, the preformed loop material 20may be formed and stored and then be delivered back to the sameapparatus for stitching with the additional layers.

As will be readily understood by those of skill in the art, the secondstitching location 30 is defined by a row of reciprocating needles 48extending in adjacent relation to one another across the width of thematerials being stitched. As will be appreciated, while only a singleneedle has been illustrated, in actual practice a large number of suchneedles are arranged in close relation to one another in the crossmachine direction. It is contemplated that the so called gauge or needledensity in the cross machine direction may be adjusted as desired. Byway of example only, and not limitation, it is contemplated that theneedle density may be in the range of about 7 to about 28 needles perinch and more preferably about 14 needles per inch although higher andlower needle densities may likewise be used if desired.

By way of example only, and not limitation, in one exemplary process theabrasion resistant substrate material 42 may be a polypropylene spunbondsheet having a mass per unit area of about 27 gram per square meter. Aswill be appreciated, such material provides protection against abrasionof the underlying absorbent substrate material. Moreover, thepolypropylene is substantially hydrophobic and will pass moisture intothe interior. Of course, other materials and/or weights may be used ifdesired.

By way of example only, and not limitation, the absorbent substratematerial 44 may be a nonwoven cellular material. One exemplary nonwovenis an air laid thermobonded nonwoven formed predominantly of hydrophiliccellulosic fiber constituents with supplemental levels of thermoplasticbinders. One such material which has been found to be suitable is soldunder the trade designation VIZORB X819 by Buckeye Technolgies Inc.having a place of business in Memphis, Tenn., USA.

In accordance with one exemplary practice, the absorbent substratematerial 44 may be a nonwoven with a mass per unit area of about 50 to800 grams per square meter and more preferably about 200 to about 500grams per square meter and most preferably about 300 grams per squaremeter. Of course, while the process is illustrated as using a singlelayer of absorbent substrate material 44, it is likewise contemplatedthat two or more layers may be used if desired.

Other absorbent substrate materials 44 may likewise be suitable. By wayof example only, and not limitation, other cellular materials mayinclude polymeric foams including cellular layered sheet materials andsponge cloth as will be known to those of skill in the art. Regardlessof the absorbent substrate material 44 which is used, it is contemplatedthat such material should not require a super absorbent gelling polymerto enhance absorption. However, such a gelling polymer may be includedif desired.

According to the illustrated practice, at the second stitching location30 a multiplicity of face-forming stitching yarns 50 is carried througha group of yarn guides carried by a guide bar in a partially threadedpattern for cooperative engagement with a first group of the needles 48across the width of the stacked substrate materials. A second group ofthe needles 48 across the width is not engaged by the face-formingstitching yarns 50. This partial threading of the needles 48 by theface-forming stitching yarns 50 results in creating spaced voids in thestitching pattern. In accordance with one exemplary practice, theface-forming stitching yarns 50 may have a linear density of about 60denier to about 400 denier, although higher or lower levels may be usedif desired.

In accordance with one exemplary practice, the face-forming stitchingyarns 50 may be stitched through the stacked substrate layers 20, 42, 44using a stitch notation such as (1-0, 2-1)// or the like with sinkerfingers 52 disposed between needles 48. During the stitch formationpractice, the face-forming stitching yarns 50 are looped over the sinkerfingers 52 as they pass between adjacent reciprocating needles therebyproducing an arrangement of face loops 54 projecting outwardly away fromthe so called “technical back” of the resultant composite. Flat lockingstitches 56 are formed across the so called “technical face” of theresultant composite. In accordance with one exemplary practice, a pilesinker height of about 2 to 6 millimeters (most preferably 4millimeters) may be used although greater or lesser heights may be usedif desired.

Following stitching, the resultant stitch-bonded wipe material 60 may besegmented in the machine and cross-machine directions to yield acleaning wipe or pad with desired dimensions and having a cross sectioncorresponding generally to that shown in FIG. 4. In the finalconstruction the face loops 54 formed by the face-forming stitchingyarns 50 cooperatively define a cleaning face and the loops 22 of thepreformed loop material 20 cooperatively form a backing surface of thewipe. As will be appreciated, while an exemplary cleaning wipe (FIG. 5)is shown as generally rectangular, the stitch-bonded wipe material 60may be segmented to provide virtually any shape as may be desired.

In accordance with one exemplary practice, the face-forming stitchingyarns 50 may be formed from ultrafine fiber of less than 1 denier perfilament (dpf). Such yarns are characterized by a soft feel and veryhigh effective surface area. In this regard, such microfiber yarns maybe made up of at least a predominant percentage of fiber with a dpflevel of less than 0.8 and will more preferably be made up of at least apredominant percentage of fiber with a dpf level of less than 0.6 andwill most preferably be made up of at least a predominant percentage offiber with a dpf level of less than 0.4 when evaluated on a weightbasis. That is, according to the potentially preferred practice, 51% ormore of the fiber weight in the face-forming stitching yarns 50 may bemade up of fibers with these dpf levels. In accordance with oneexemplary embodiment, such microfiber yarns may be formed substantiallyentirely from fiber with a dpf level of about 0.4 or less. By way ofexample only, and not limitation, one yarn construction for use as theface-forming stitching yarns is a 150/288 (i.e. 150 denier, 288filament) textured polyester yarn. While polyester may be potentiallydesirable for the microfiber yarns, other natural or synthetic materialsincluding nylon, polypropylene, cotton or blends of any identifiedmaterials also may be used if desired.

As best seen through joint reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the partialthreading of the face-forming stitching yarns 50 creates loop zones 62arranged as stripes running across the face in the machine direction ofthe wipe material 60. These loop zones 62 are separated by stitch-freezones 64 arranged as stripes running in the machine direction of thewipe material 56. Within the stitch-free zones 64, the abrasionresistant material 42 forms the exterior of the cleaning surface. Asshown, the stitch-free zones 64 may form raised convex surfaces betweenthe loop zones due to the resilient character of the underlyingabsorbent substrate material 44 which is not compressed by stitching inthese regions. In the illustrated exemplary construction, tie-down yarns65 are stitched in a chain stitch or other suitable pattern along theboundary edges between the loop zones 62 and the stitch-free zones 64 toprevent unraveling of the face loops 54.

By way of example only and not limitation, one exemplary repeatingpattern of loop zones 62 and stitch-free zones 64 may be formed bystitching 4 ends of the face-forming stitching yarns 50 followed byskipping 4 needles to provide a 4 in/4 out pattern which may be repeatedacross the width of the stitch bonding machine to provide rows of loopzones 62 in adjacent, alternating relation to rows of stitch-free zones64 (FIG. 5). Of course, it is to be understood that while a repeatingpattern of 4 in/4 out may provide a desirable striped pattern, anynumber of other threading arrangements may likewise be used to providedesired patterning.

As best seen in FIG. 4, the preformed loops 22 project outwardly awayfrom the underside of the stitch-free zones 64. Portions of thepreformed loops 22 may also project outwardly from the underside of theloop zones 62. In practice, in the final construction the preformedloops 22 may cooperatively form an engagement surface across theunderside for hook and loop attachment to hook elements 70 on a mop head73 or other supporting structure which may be operatively connected to auser manipulated handle 75 (FIG. 6).

As will be appreciated, the structure of the wipe material 60 providessubstantial benefits. In particular, the loop zones 62 may providehighly efficient particle collection and retention, while thestitch-free zones provide an abrasion resistant scrubbing surface. Inthe event that the wipe material is used in conjunction with water orcleaning fluid, the fluid may be passed through the abrasion resistantmaterial 42 for collection and retention in the absorbent material 44.However, the substantially liquid impermeable substrate in the preformedloop material 20 will substantially block fluid from passing to theunderside of the wipe material. Thus, upon application of pressure bythe mop head 73 or other support structure, the cleaning fluid may beexpelled back through the face and onto the surface to be cleaned.

Of course, variations and modifications of the foregoing are within thescope of the present disclosure. Thus, it is to be understood that thedisclosure disclosed and defined herein extends to all alternativecombinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned orevident from the text and/or drawings. All of these differentcombinations constitute various alternative aspects of the disclosure.The embodiment described herein explain the best modes for practicingthe disclosure and will enable others skilled in the art to utilize thedisclosure. The claims are to be construed to include alternativeembodiments and equivalents to the extent permitted by the prior art.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the disclosure (especially in the context of thefollowing claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing”are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, butnot limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of valuesherein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referringindividually to each separate value falling within the range, unlessotherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated intothe specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methodsdescribed herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwiseindicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The useof any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the disclosureand does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unlessotherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construedas indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice ofthe disclosure.

Preferred embodiments of this disclosure are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the disclosure.Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Theinventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations asappropriate, and the inventors intend for the disclosure to be practicedotherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, thisdisclosure includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Various features of the disclosure are set forth in the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A cleaning element of stitch-bonded constructionhaving a multi-surface operative cleaning face, the cleaning elementcomprising: at least one fluid absorbing layer comprising absorptivecellular material; a cover layer of substantially hydrophobic materialdisposed in overlying relation to the fluid absorbing layer; a backinglayer of preformed loop material disposed in underlying relation to thefluid absorbing layer, the preformed loop material including a pluralityof loop elements projecting away from the underside of the fluidabsorbing layer such that the fluid absorbing layer, the cover layer andthe backing layer form a stacked composite; and a plurality of stitchingyarns extending in discontinuous patterned stitched relation throughdiscrete selected zones of the stacked composite such that the stitchingyarns form a patterned array of surface loop zones projecting outwardlyaway from the cover layer in a defined patterned arrangement across theoperative cleaning face of the cleaning element with a plurality ofstitch-free zones with the cover layer forming the outer surfacedisposed at positions between surface loop zones across the operativecleaning face of the cleaning element.
 2. The cleaning element asrecited in claim 1, wherein the stitching yarns are textured polyesteryarns made up predominantly of microdenier filaments having a lineardensity of less than 0.8 denier per filament.
 3. The cleaning element asrecited in claim 1, wherein the stitching yarns are textured polyesteryarns made up predominantly of microdenier filaments having a lineardensity of less than 0.6 denier per filament.
 4. The cleaning element asrecited in claim 1, wherein the stitching yarns are textured polyesteryarns made up predominantly of microdenier filaments having a lineardensity of less than 0.4 denier per filament.
 5. The cleaning element asrecited in claim 1, wherein the absorptive cellular material is anonwoven hydrophilic cellular material.
 6. The cleaning element asrecited in claim 5, wherein the cover layer and underlying absorptivecellular material are not perforated within the stitch-free zones. 7.The cleaning element as recited in claim 1, wherein the stitching yarnsare characterized by a linear density in the range of 60 denier to 400denier.
 8. A cleaning system comprising a cleaning element as recited inclaim 1 in combination with a mop head operatively connected to ahandle.
 9. A cleaning element of stitch-bonded construction having amulti-surface operative cleaning face, the cleaning element comprising:at least one fluid absorbing layer comprising absorptive cellularmaterial; a cover layer of substantially hydrophobic material disposedin overlying relation to the fluid absorbing layer; a backing layer ofpreformed loop material of stitch-bonded construction disposed inunderlying relation to the fluid absorbing layer, the preformed loopmaterial comprising a plurality of loop elements stitched through asubstrate layer, the backing layer being oriented with the loop elementsprojecting away from the underside of the fluid absorbing layer, thefluid absorbing layer, the cover layer and the backing layer forming astacked composite; and a plurality of stitching yarns extending indiscontinuous patterned stitched relation through discrete selectedzones of the stacked composite such that the stitching yarns form apatterned array of surface loop zones projecting outwardly away from thecover layer in a defined patterned arrangement across the operativecleaning face of the cleaning element with a plurality of stitch-freezones with the cover layer forming the outer surface disposed atpositions between surface loop zones across the operative cleaning faceof the cleaning element.
 10. The cleaning element as recited in claim 9,wherein the stitching yarns are textured polyester yarns made uppredominantly of microdenier filaments having a linear density of lessthan 0.8 denier per filament.
 11. The cleaning element as recited inclaim 9, wherein the stitching yarns are textured polyester yarns madeup predominantly of microdenier filaments having a linear density ofless than 0.6 denier per filament.
 12. The cleaning element as recitedin claim 9, wherein the stitching yarns are textured polyester yarnsmade up predominantly of microdenier filaments having a linear densityof less than 0.4 denier per filament.
 13. The cleaning element asrecited in claim 9, wherein the absorptive cellular material is anonwoven hydrophilic cellular material.
 14. The cleaning element asrecited in claim 9, wherein the cover layer and underlying absorptivecellular material are not perforated within the stitch-free zones. 15.The cleaning element as recited in claim 9, wherein the stitching yarnsare characterized by a linear density in the range of 60 denier to 400denier.
 16. The cleaning element as recited in claim 9, wherein thepreformed loop material comprises a plurality of loop elements stitchedthrough a substrate layer of substantially liquid impermeable polymericfilm.
 17. The cleaning element as recited in claim 16, wherein thepolymeric film is a polyethylene film having a mass per unit area ofabout 5 to 50 grams per square meter.
 18. The cleaning element asrecited in claim 9, wherein the cover layer comprises a fibrous nonwovensheet.
 19. The cleaning element as recited in claim 18, wherein thecover layer comprises a polypropylene spunbond sheet having a mass perunit area of about 5 to 50 grams per square meter.
 20. A cleaningelement of stitch-bonded construction having a multi-surface operativecleaning face, the cleaning element comprising: at least one fluidabsorbing layer comprising absorptive cellular material; a cover layerof substantially hydrophobic material disposed in overlying relation tothe fluid absorbing layer, wherein the cover layer comprises apolypropylene spunbond sheet having a mass per unit area of about 5 to50 grams per square meter; a backing layer of preformed loop material ofstitch-bonded construction disposed in underlying relation to the fluidabsorbing layer, wherein the preformed loop material comprises aplurality of loop elements stitched through a substrate layer ofsubstantially liquid impermeable polyethylene film, the backing layerbeing oriented with the loop elements projecting away from the undersideof the fluid absorbing layer, the fluid absorbing layer, the cover layerand the backing layer forming a stacked composite; and a plurality ofstitching yarns extending in discontinuous patterned stitched relationthrough discrete selected zones of the stacked composite such that thestitching yarns form a patterned array of surface loop zones projectingoutwardly away from the cover layer in a defined patterned arrangementacross the operative cleaning face of the cleaning element with aplurality of stitch-free zones with the cover layer forming the outersurface disposed at positions between surface loop zones across theoperative cleaning face of the cleaning element.